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Anubis ( or ;〔''Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Eleventh Edition''. Merriam-Webster, 2007. p. 56〕 ) is the Greek name of a god associated with mummification and the afterlife in ancient Egyptian religion, usually depicted as a canine or a man with a canine head. Archeologists identified the sacred animal of Anubis as an Egyptian canid, that at the time was called the golden jackal, but recent genetic testing has caused the Egyptian animals to be reclassified as the African golden wolf.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=African golden jackals are actually golden wolves )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Egyptian golden jackal is actually a grey wolf, scientists discover in DNA test )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Golden jackal: A new wolf species hiding in plain sight )〕 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Genome-wide evidence reveals that African and Eurasian golden jackals are distinct species )〕 Like many ancient Egyptian deities, Anubis assumed different roles in various contexts. Depicted as a protector of graves as early as the First Dynasty (c. 3100 – c. 2890 BC), Anubis was also an embalmer. By the Middle Kingdom (c. 2055 – 1650 BC), Anubis was replaced by Osiris in his role as Lord of the underworld. One of his prominent roles was as a god who ushered souls into the afterlife. He attended the weighing scale during the "Weighing of the Heart," in which it was determined whether a soul would be allowed to enter the realm of the dead.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Papyrus from the Book of the Dead of Ani )〕 Despite being one of the most ancient and "one of the most frequently depicted and mentioned gods" in the Egyptian pantheon, Anubis played almost no role in Egyptian myths. Anubis was depicted in black, a color that symbolized both rebirth and the discoloration of the corpse after embalming. Anubis is associated with Wepwawet (also called Upuaut), another Egyptian god portrayed with a dog's head or in canine form, but with grey or white fur. Historians assume that the two figures were eventually combined. Anubis' female counterpart is Anput. His daughter is the serpent goddess Kebechet. ==Name== "Anubis" is a Greek rendering of this god's Egyptian name.〔 In the Old Kingdom (c. 2686 BC – c. 2181 BC), the standard way of writing his name in hieroglyphs was composed of the sound ''inpw'' followed by a "jackal"〔The canine referred to as the Egyptian jackal in older texts was recently biologically reclassified as a separate canid species more closely related to grey wolves and coyotes than golden jackals. Furthermore ancient Greek texts about Anubis constantly refer to the deity as having a dog's head, not jackal or wolf, and there is still uncertainty as to what canid represents Anubis. Therefore the Name and History section uses the names the original sources used but in quotation marks.〕 over a ''ḥtp'' sign: A new form with the "jackal" on a tall stand appeared in the late Old Kingdom and became common thereafter: According to the Akkadian transcription in the Amarna letters, Anubis' name (''inpw'') was vocalized in Egyptian as Anapa. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anubis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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